Preclinical Evaluation of the Synthetic Adjuvant SQS-21 and its Constituent Isomeric Saponins

Govind Ragupathi, Payal Damani, Kai Deng, Michelle M. Adams, Jianfeng Hang, Constantine George, Philip O. Livingston, and David Y. Gin.

 Vaccine. 2010 June 11; 28(26): 4260–4267

Design and Synthesis of Potent Quillaja Saponin Vaccine Adjuvants

Michelle M. Adams, Payal Damani, Nicholas R. Perl, Annie Won, Feng Hong, Philip O. Livingston, Govind Ragupathi, and David Y. Gin.

J Am Chem Soc 2010 Feb 17; 132(6):1939

Pilot Study of a Heptavalent Vaccine-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin Conjugate plus QS21 in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cancer

Sabbatini PJ, Ragupathi G, Hood C, Aghajanian CA, Juretzka M, Iasonos A, Hensley ML, Spassova MK, Ouerfelli O, Spriggs DR, Tew WP, Konner J, Clausen H, Abu Rustum N, Dansihefsky SJ, Livingston PO.

Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Jul 15;13(14):4170-7

A polyvalent vaccine for high-risk prostate patients: "are more antigens better?".

Slovin SF, Ragupathi G, Fernandez C, Diani M, Jefferson MP, Wilton A, Kelly WK, Morris M, Solit D, Clausen H, Livingston P, Scher HI.

Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007 Dec;56(12):1921-30. Epub 2007 Jul 10.

Immunization of high-risk breast cancer patients with clustered sTn-KLH conjugate plus the immunologic adjuvant QS-21.

Gilewski TA, Ragupathi G, Dickler M, Powell S, Bhuta S, Panageas K, Koganty RR, Chin-Eng J, Hudis C, Norton L, Houghton AN, Livingston PO.

Clin Cancer Res. 2007 May 15;13(10):2977-85.

A bivalent conjugate vaccine in the treatment of biochemically relapsed prostate cancer: a study of glycosylated MUC-2-KLH and Globo H-KLH conjugate vaccines given with the new semi-synthetic saponin immunological adjuvant GPI-0100 OR QS-21.

Slovin SF, Ragupathi G, Fernandez C, Jefferson MP, Diani M, Wilton AS, Powell S, Spassova M, Reis C, Clausen H, Danishefsky S, Livingston P, Scher HI.

Vaccine. 2005 May 2;23(24):3114-22.

Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen as a target for prostate cancer vaccine: clinical trial results with TF cluster (c)-KLH plus QS21 conjugate vaccine in patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer.

Slovin SF, Ragupathi G, Musselli C, Fernandez C, Diani M, Verbel D, Danishefsky S, Livingston P, Scher HI.

Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 Jul;54(7):694-702. Epub 2005 Feb 22.

Vaccination of patients with small-cell lung cancer with synthetic fucosyl GM-1 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

Krug LM, Ragupathi G, Hood C, Kris MG, Miller VA, Allen JR, Keding SJ, Danishefsky SJ, Gomez J, Tyson L, Pizzo B, Baez V, Livingston PO.

Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;10(18 Pt 1):6094-100.

Sequential immunization of melanoma patients with GD3 ganglioside vaccine and anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody that mimics GD3 ganglioside.

Chapman PB, Wu D, Ragupathi G, Lu S, Williams L, Hwu WJ, Johnson D, Livingston PO

Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jul 15;10(14):4717-23.

Vaccination of small cell lung cancer patients with polysialic acid or N-propionylated polysialic acid conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

Krug LM, Ragupathi G, Ng KK, Hood C, Jennings HJ, Guo Z, Kris MG, Miller V, Pizzo B, Tyson L, Baez V, Livingston PO.

Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 1;10(3):916-23.